The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) provided cost share funding to Enerkem, Inc (Enerkem) for the final design, construction, and operation of a proposed Heterogeneous Feed Biorefinery Project to be located in Pontotoc, Mississippi (hereafter referred to as the biorefinery or the proposed project). The biorefinery would use the dried and post-sorted biomass fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) and wood biomass as feedstock. Enerkem’s biorefinery would produce approximately 10 million gallons (38 million liters) of ethanol per year for commercial sale. This EA analyzes the potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts that would result from implementation of the Proposed Action (with DOE funding) and the No Action Alternative (without DOE funding), and evaluates the potential individual and cumulative effects of the Proposed Action. While it is possible that the project could be implemented without DOE financial assistance, that scenario would not provide for a meaningful No Action Alternative analysis, as it would be identical to the Proposed Action. For purposes of this assessment, the EA therefore evaluates, as the No Action Alternative, the potential impacts that would occur if the project were not built and operated. No other action alternatives are analyzed.