The MINER Program seeks to increase the U.S. domestic supplies of copper, nickel, lithium, cobalt, and other rare earth elements. Specifically, projects funded under the MINER Program Specifically, projects funded under the MINER Program aim to (1) decrease comminution energy by 50 percent compared to state-of-the-art; (2) increase yield of energy-relevant minerals by reducing unrecovered energy-relevant minerals in the tailings by 50 percent compared to state-of-the-art; and (3) enable the negative emissions production of key minerals by sequestering >10 wt. percent CO2e per metric ton of carbon dioxide-reactive ore processed.