Stor4Build’s cross-cutting research will help accelerate the development, growth, and optimization of cost-effective thermal energy storage technologies. Explore recently published research supporting the consortium’s mission.
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Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency Through Advanced Sizing and Dispatch Methods for Energy Storage, ASHRAE Winter Conference (2024)
Several technical and economic barriers prevent large-scale adoption and integration of energy storage in buildings, including integration with building control systems, high capital costs, and the necessity to identify and quantify value streams for different stakeholders. This work develops a simple and flexible optimal sizing and dispatch framework for thermal energy storage (TES) and battery energy storage systems in large-scale office buildings.
Evaluation of Phase Change Thermal Storage in a Cascade Heat Pump, Applied Energy (2024)
This study presents a new approach to integrate thermal storage in a cascade heat pump for peak shaving in both heating and cooling seasons. The dual-circuit phase change material heat exchanger design allows for the precise control of the peak electric load shaving while providing uninterrupted space conditioning.
Addressing Energy Storage Needs at Lower Cost Via On-Site Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings, Energy & Environmental Science (2021)
TES can provide a cost-effective alternative to Li-ion batteries for buildings. This perspective shows the total requirement for TES in buildings and that with at least 25% wind generation, all storage required by buildings to support the grid can be met by TES. A framework is also introduced to calculate levelized cost of storage for on-site TES in buildings to enable a direct comparison with electrical storage technologies such as Li-ion batteries.
Rate Capability and Ragone Plots for Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage, Nature Energy (2021)
The value of a phase change material is defined by its energy and power density—the total available storage capacity and the speed at which it can be accessed. These are influenced by material properties but cannot be defined with these properties alone. This paper shows the close link between energy and power density by developing thermal rate capability and Ragone plots, a framework widely used to describe the trade-off between energy and power in electrochemical storage systems.
Thermal Energy Storage Materials
Enhanced Thermal Reliability and Performance of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate Phase Change Material Using Cellulose Nanofibril and Graphene Nanoplatelet, Journal of Energy Storage (2024)
Predicting Supercooling of Phase Change Materials in Arbitrarily Varying Conditions, Cell Reports Physical Science (2023)
Processing Compressed Expanded Natural Graphite for Phase Change Material Composites, Journal of Thermal Science (2023)
Stabilization of Low-Cost Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Application, iScience (2023)
Experimental Screening of Salt Hydrates for Thermochemical Energy Storage for Building Heating Application, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Particle Size Optimization of Thermochemical Salt Hydrates for High Energy Density Thermal Storage, Energy & Environmental Materials (2022)
Effect of Expanded Graphite on the Thermal Conductivity of Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate (Na2SO4· 10H2O) Phase Change Composites, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Dynamic Tunability of Phase-Change Material Transition Temperatures Using Ions for Thermal Energy Storage, Cell Reports Physical Science (2021)
Impact of Size and Thermal Gradient On Supercooling of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage, Applied Energy (2021)
Understanding Supercooling Mechanism in Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate Phase-Change Material, Journal of Applied Physics (2021)
Experimental Study of the Behavior of Phase Change Materials During Interrupted Phase Change Processes, Energies (2021)
Moisture Affinity of HDPE/Phase-Change Material Composites for Thermal Energy Storage Applications, RSC Advances (2021)
Thermal Energy Storage Heat Exchangers
The Impact of Non-Ideal Phase Change Properties on Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage Device Performance, Journal of Energy Storage (2023)
Finned-Tube-Integrated Modular Thermal Storage Systems for HVAC Load Modulation in Buildings, Cell Reports Physical Science (2023)
Cooling Performance of an Active-Passive Hybrid Composite Phase Change Material (HcPCM) Finned Heat Sink: Constant Operating Mode, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2023)
Optimizing Phase Change Composite Thermal Energy Storage Using the Thermal Ragone Framework, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Measuring the Maximum Capacity and Thermal Resistances in Phase-Change Thermal Storage Devices, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Rate Capability and Ragone Plots for Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage, Nature Energy (2021)
HVAC Systems with Thermal Energy Storage
Evaluation of Phase Change Thermal Storage in a Cascade Heat Pump, Applied Energy (2024)
Model-Based Predictive Control of Multi-Stage Air-Source Heat Pumps Integrated With Phase Change Material-Embedded Ceilings, Applied Energy (2023)
Heat Pump Water Heater Enhanced With Phase Change Materials Thermal Energy Storage: Modeling Study, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (2023)
Techno-Economic Assessment of Residential Heat Pump Integrated With Thermal Energy Storage, Energies (2023)
Medium-Temperature Phase Change Material Integration in Domestic Heat Pump Water Heaters for Improved Thermal Energy Storage, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2023)
Demand Reduction and Energy Saving Potential of Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Heat Pumps, International Journal of Refrigeration (2023)
Experimental Results of Embedded Phase Change Material Capsules for Increasing the Performance of a Wrapped Heat Pump Water Heater, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (2023)
The State of Art of Heat-Pump Integrated Thermal Energy Storage for Demand Response, Heat Pumping Technologies Magazine (2021)
Potential of Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Ground Source Heat Pump System to Reshape Electricity Demand in the United States, Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities (2021)
Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage, Journal of Energy Resources Technology (2021)
Simulations of Grid-Responsive HVAC Cooling Measures Via Ice/PCM storage, Heat Pumping Technologies Magazine (2021)
Envelope-Integrated Thermal Energy Storage
Performance Evaluation of a Dynamic Wall Integrated With Active Insulation and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Peak Cooling Load Shift Capability of a Thermal Energy Storage System Integrated With an Active Insulation System in U.S. Climate Zones, Energy and Buildings (2022)
Integrating Thermal Energy Storage with Buildings and the Grid
Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency Through Advanced Sizing and Dispatch Methods for Energy Storage, ASHRAE Winter Conference (2024)
An Analytical Method for Identifying Synergies Between Behind-the-Meter Battery and Thermal Energy Storage, Journal of Energy Storage (2022)
Addressing Energy Storage Needs at Lower Cost Via On-Site Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings, Energy & Environmental Science (2021)