DOE Enforcement activities fall within three categories.  Conservation standards cases deal with manufacturers that distributed products in the U.S. that DOE has found do not meet the required energy standards.  Compliance certification cases deal with manufacturers that either have not certified that the products that they manufacture and distribute in the U.S. have been tested and meet the applicable energy conservation standards or have submitted invalid compliance certifications.  With respect to ENERGY STAR, DOE refers to the EPA any products DOE tests that do not meet the ENERGY STAR specification.