Carl Shapiro graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 2018. Carl's research focused on wind farm models and control algorithms to increase wind energy integration in the electric power system. He developed a model predictive controller that enables wind farms to provide ancillary services for the power grid. This approach aerodynamically stores kinetic energy in the wind field to control wind farm power output over tens of minutes. Carl also developed vorticity models of wind turbines in yaw that unlock the potential to increase wind farm power output by several percent.
Carl was previously an engineer at Steven Winter Associates, consulting for DOE's Building America program. He analyzed data from field validation studies on heat pump water heaters, buried and encapsulated ducts, condensing boilers, net zero energy homes, and cold-climate air source heat pumps. He was also an intern at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory working on the System Advisor Model. Carl graduated from Swarthmore College in 2010 with a bachelor of science in engineering.