Clean energy and energy efficiency benefit human health (physical and mental) and safety. Clean energy technologies produce almost no harmful emissions—known as greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide—that are linked to numerous health problems. Clean energy also affects environmental health and safety. Learn about the environmental impacts of clean energy.

Burning fossil fuels has added more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than the planet can remove and store, causing global temperatures to rise. Fossil fuels also cause air pollution and can contaminate water and soil. Energy from renewable resources prevents air pollution, which makes the air safer to breathe, leading to better health and lower health care bills. 

Transitioning to clean energy protects the fundamental human right to a healthy, safe environment. Air pollution disproportionately harms lower-income communities, especially communities of color, a systemic injustice the U.S. Department of Energy and its Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) are working to correct. Energy equity is essential to protecting the health and safety of all Americans.

Low-cost, reliable energy and energy storage that enable fast recovery after power outages benefit physical and mental health. Solar power is more affordable than conventional forms of energy in many parts of the United States, wind is cost-competitive, and renewable energy costs are expected to continue decreasing across the country. When energy is affordable and reliable, it eliminates the need to make difficult decisions, such as choosing between paying electricity bills and buying food or medicine.

Energy efficiency measures in homes and buildings support health and safety, because they can ensure good air quality, healthy temperatures and humidity levels (to prevent mold), and noise levels.

Ways to improve energy efficiency include weatherizing and retrofitting buildings by adding or replacing insulation, windows, heating and cooling systems, and major appliances, among other things. These measures can reduce the incidence and symptoms of heart and respiratory conditions, allergies, and more. They also provide physical comfort, which supports mental health and well-being. Use this checklist to improve your home’s energy efficiency.