DISTRICTS AND COMMUNITIES
Working Toward Zero Energy Districts >>
The only way to achieve zero energy at the district scale is to start early, with a clearly articulated energy vision statement and guiding principles. The vision statement and guiding principles highlight the benefits to participating stakeholders and the community. The vision statement is the foundation of the zero energy district master plan.
Consider in Your Vision
- What is the general description of the planned district?
- What are the location and size of the district?
- What are the building types and uses?
- What are the project timeline and phasing?
- What are the specific energy performance goals? Ideal goals are energy use intensity targets by building type, renewable energy goals, and demand-based goals, such as kilo British thermal unit per square foot for air conditioning or kilowatt per square foot for electricity.
- What are the general goals for the district related to sustainability, resilience, equity, or economic development? How will zero energy as a target help provide a pathway to achieving those goals?
- What are the anticipated benefits of achieving the goals?
- What story do you want to be able to tell?
Examples from Leading Districts
- The National Western Center in Denver established goals, a vision, and guiding principles very early on that helped drive considerations throughout master planning.
- The Highland Bridge redevelopment site in St. Paul, Minnesota, articulates a clear vision of a “21st century community” in its master plan.
- In its earliest phases of master planning, Hazelwood Green in Pittsburgh released a request for expressions of interest articulating its vision and seeking creative responses from service providers.
Engage Stakeholders
Your master plan needs to identify stakeholders—everyone from current residents to government agencies to potential developers to future building owners and tenants—and develop an inclusive engagement plan that takes stakeholders’ needs and priorities into account.
To Consider in Your Stakeholder Engagement
- Who are the stakeholders?
- How can stakeholders help achieve performance goals, and how can they benefit from them?
- How do the performance goals help the local community?
Examples from Leading Districts
- For the Ford Twin Cities Assembly Plant redevelopment site in St. Paul, Minnesota, the city has held more than 140 public meetings to involve the community in the process.
- The Huntington Beach Advanced Energy Community talked with local residents before moving forward with plans for a zero energy district.
Engage the Utility
Your master plan must lay out a strategy for including local utilities in your zero energy goals.
To Consider in Utility Engagement
- Potential role for utilities
- Financial considerations for utility interconnection
- Incentives and pilot project opportunities
- Opportunities for grid services
- Access to data
- Alignment of utility goals with district goals
Examples from Leading Districts
- The National Western Center in Denver worked with utility Xcel Energy Inc. to perform energy modeling and other analyses, culminating in an energy action plan.
- The Sun Valley EcoDistrict Trust in Denver posted a request for qualifications seeking utility partners for its zero energy district.
Determine Financing
Your master plan must evaluate the financial implications of different design ideas. It should also identify approaches for obtaining finances.
To Consider When Determining Financing
- Potential ownership structures
- Conventional and alternative financing approaches
- Economies of scale
- Load diversity in infrastructure and equipment sizing
- Analysis of nonenergy benefits such as resilience and economic development
- Procurement approaches to ensure performance goals are met
Leading Resources
- Rocky Mountain Institute has developed a business model for zero energy districts.
- Zero energy development Boulder Commons provides a green lease framework that could be used by zero energy districts.
Plan Your Energy Strategy
At the core of the zero energy district master plan are energy strategies that look at both the building scale and the district scale. These strategies should also consider new construction and retrofits.
To Consider in Your Energy Strategy
General strategies
- Definitions of key terms and energy metrics being used
- Energy modeling and analysis approaches for different district design scenarios
- Retrofit and construction phasing strategies
- Design guidelines and design advisory board
- Technical considerations for utility interconnection
Building strategies
- Building types and sizes
- Building efficiency levels
- How building systems interface with district systems
- Available roof area for solar photovoltaics
- Solar-ready design guidelines
- Energy storage technologies
District strategies
- Energy-efficiency characteristics of nonbuilding infrastructure, such as street lighting
- District heating and cooling system opportunities
- Shared solar photovoltaics
- Microgrids and energy storage
- Electric vehicle charging infrastructure and anticipated loads
Leading Resources
- Advanced Energy Design Guides offer step-by-step guidance on designing high-performance buildings.
- This Cost Control Strategies for Zero Energy Buildings report provides direction on reducing the up-front investment required for high performance.
- This How-To Guide for Energy-Performance-Based Procurement explains the ins and outs of writing performance requirements into contracts.
- The National Renewable Energy Laboratory offers technical resources on community solar projects.
- The Communities of the Future: Accelerating Zero Energy District Master Planning conference paper introduces zero energy districts, reviews the structure of the Zero Energy District Accelerator, discusses the value of energy master planning, presents barriers to zero energy districts and how these are being addressed by zero energy district pioneers, and suggests pathways for widescale replication.
Energy Analysis Tools
- OpenStudio® is a cross-platform collection of software tools that support whole-building energy modeling.
- PVWatts estimates the energy production and energy cost of grid-connected solar energy systems throughout the world.
- REopt Lite allows commercial building managers to look at the economic viability of grid-connected photovoltaics and battery storage.
- The System Advisor Model is a performance and financial model designed to facilitate decision making for people involved in the renewable energy industry.
Examples from Leading Districts
- The Sun Valley EcoDistrict Trust in Denver and the Western New York Manufacturing ZNE District in Buffalo, New York, engaged in smart phasing by creating a “lighthouse project” with their first buildings—a project designed to attract more zero energy development.
- The National Western Center in Denver worked with utility Xcel Energy Inc. to perform energy modeling and other analyses, culminating in an energy action plan.
- The Ford Twin Cites Assembly Plant redevelopment site in St. Paul, Minnesota, commissioned an aquifer thermal storage study. It also benefited from a solar potential study conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Track Performance
How will you know whether you’ve met your zero energy goals? The master plan includes a framework for operations and performance tracking.
To Consider in Performance Tracking
- Who will operate and maintain energy systems?
- How will performance be tracked?
- How will ongoing performance be incentivized or required?
- How will the billing rate be structured?
- What ongoing benchmarking will be used?